Wednesday, October 3, 2012

CCD vs CMOS camera

  CCD stands for charge-coupled device; CMOS stands for complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor. A CCD image sensor or a CMOS sensor is used in most digital CCTV cameras. Capturing light and converting it into electrical signals is the main task of the two types of sensor
A CCD image sensor is an analog device. These are the chips onto which the light captured by a camcorder's lens is focused. Camcorder processes those signals, then the image is recorded to the camcorder's storage.
CMOS VS CCD
A CMOS imaging chip is a type of active pixel sensor made using the CMOS semiconductor process. Extra circuitry next to each photo sensor converts the light energy to a voltage. Additional circuitry on the chip may be included to convert the voltage to digital data.
Neither technology has a clear advantage in image quality. On one hand, CCD sensors are more susceptible to vertical smear from bright light sources when the sensor is overloaded; high-end frame transfer CCDs in turn do not suffer from this problem. On the other hand, CMOS sensors are susceptible to undesired effects that come as a result of rolling shutter.
CMOS can potentially be implemented with fewer components, use less power, and/or provide faster readout than CCDs. CCD is a more mature technology and is in most respects the equal of CMOS, CMOS sensors are less expensive to manufacture than CCD sensors.
Another hybrid CCD/CMOS architecture, sold under the name "sCMOS", consists of CMOS readout integrated circuits (ROICs) that are bump bonded to a CCD imaging substrate – a technology that was developed for infrared staring arrays and now adapted to silicon-based detector technology. Another approach is to utilize the very fine dimensions available in modern CMOS technology to implement a CCD like structure entirely in CMOS technology. This can be achieved by separating individual poly-silicon gates by a very small gap. These hybrid sensors are still in the research phase, and can potentially harness the benefits of both the CCDs and the CMOS imagers. 

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